Hero Ransomware (.hero77) Analysis and Removal Guide

Hero ransomware (also known as Hero virus) is a file-encrypting malware from the Proton ransomware family that targets Windows computers. This malicious program encrypts victims’ files, appends them with the attackers’ email address and a “.hero77” extension, and demands payment for decryption. Once encryption is complete, the ransomware changes the desktop wallpaper and creates a text file titled “#Read-for-recovery.txt” with instructions on contacting the attackers. Hero ransomware uses sophisticated encryption algorithms that make manual decryption impossible, and despite the attackers’ promises, paying the ransom provides no guarantee of data recovery. This comprehensive guide analyzes Hero ransomware’s technical aspects, distribution methods, and encryption mechanisms, while providing detailed removal instructions and effective preventative measures to avoid future infections.

What is Hero Ransomware?

Hero ransomware is a file-encrypting malicious program that belongs to the Proton ransomware family, discovered by security researchers in April 2025. This dangerous malware targets Windows systems, encrypting the victim’s files and making them inaccessible without a decryption key that only the attackers claim to possess. Following file encryption, Hero ransomware demands payment for data recovery, essentially holding the victim’s information hostage.

When Hero infects a system, it performs a thorough scan for valuable user files such as documents, images, videos, databases, and other personal data. After identifying these files, the ransomware encrypts them using sophisticated encryption algorithms that make manual decryption virtually impossible. Each encrypted file is renamed by appending the attackers’ email address and the “.hero77” extension. For example, a file originally named “document.docx” would be renamed to “document.docx.[hero77@cock.li].hero77”.

Upon completing the encryption process, Hero ransomware modifies the system’s desktop wallpaper and creates a ransom note in a text file titled “#Read-for-recovery.txt”. Unlike many other ransomware variants that explicitly demand payment in their ransom notes, the Hero ransomware note primarily provides contact instructions, directing victims to email the attackers at hero77@cock.li. This behavior is similar to other emerging threats like DarkMystic (BlackBit) and VerdaCrypt ransomware families that we’ve analyzed recently.

Technical Analysis

Hero ransomware employs sophisticated techniques to infiltrate systems, execute its payload, and encrypt user data. Understanding its technical characteristics is crucial for effective protection and potential removal. Security researchers have identified this malware as part of the Proton ransomware family, which shares similar code structures and behaviors with other variants in this classification.

Encryption Methodology

Hero ransomware employs a hybrid encryption approach that combines both symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms:

• File Encryption: Uses a combination of AES-256 (symmetric) and RSA-2048 (asymmetric) encryption algorithms
• Process: Each file is encrypted with a unique AES key, and that key is then encrypted with the attackers’ RSA public key
• Decryption Requirements: The private RSA key needed for decryption is stored only on the attackers’ servers, making independent decryption nearly impossible
• File Marker: Adds metadata to encrypted files to identify them as already processed, preventing double-encryption

This advanced encryption methodology ensures that even if security researchers could determine the encryption algorithm used, decryption without the attackers’ private key would be computationally infeasible with current technology.

File Targeting

Hero ransomware specifically targets certain file types that are likely to contain valuable user data. These include:

• Documents: .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, .pdf, .rtf, .txt
• Images: .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .bmp, .gif, .tif, .tiff, .raw
• Videos: .mp4, .avi, .mkv, .mov, .wmv, .flv
• Databases: .sql, .accdb, .mdb, .dbf, .odb
• Archives: .zip, .rar, .7z, .tar, .gz
• Design Files: .psd, .ai, .indd, .cdr
• Development Files: .py, .js, .php, .html, .css, .java, .c, .cpp

The ransomware intentionally avoids encrypting certain system files to ensure the computer remains operational, allowing the victim to read the ransom note and potentially pay the ransom.

System Modifications

In addition to encrypting files, Hero ransomware makes several changes to the infected system:

• Registry Modifications: Creates registry entries to ensure it runs automatically after system restart
• Wallpaper Change: Replaces the desktop background with a custom image containing ransom instructions
• Ransom Note Creation: Generates a text file (#Read-for-recovery.txt) in multiple directories
• Shadow Copy Deletion: Uses Windows administrative tools to delete Volume Shadow Copies, preventing easy file recovery
• Security Software Disabling: Attempts to terminate antivirus processes and disable security features

Infection Methods

Hero ransomware spreads through various distribution channels, employing social engineering tactics to trick users into executing the malicious payload. Understanding these infection vectors is essential for developing effective prevention strategies against this and similar threats.

Primary Distribution Channels

• Phishing Emails: Disguised as legitimate communications containing malicious attachments or links, similar to those analyzed in our We Hacked Your System email scam analysis
• Malicious Attachments: Often masquerading as invoices, shipping notifications, or other business documents
• Trojan Downloaders: Malware that secretly downloads and installs Hero ransomware as a secondary payload
• Compromised Websites: Legitimate websites infected with exploit kits that automatically download malware
• Fake Software Updates: Deceptive pop-ups claiming to update common software like Adobe Flash or Java
• Cracked Software: Illegal software activation tools (“cracks”) bundled with malware, as detailed in our crypto miners in cracks and keygens investigation
• Untrustworthy Download Sources: Free file-hosting websites and peer-to-peer networks distributing infected files

Infection Chain Analysis

A typical Hero ransomware infection follows this sequence:

1. Initial Access: User receives a phishing email with a malicious document attachment
2. Social Engineering: The document prompts the user to enable macros or click on a deceptive link
3. Dropper Deployment: When executed, the initial payload downloads the actual ransomware executable
4. Privilege Escalation: The malware attempts to gain administrative privileges
5. System Analysis: Scans the system for valuable files and potential security measures
6. Defense Evasion: Disables security features and removes system recovery options
7. Encryption Execution: Begins the encryption process, targeting user files
8. Ransom Demand: Changes desktop wallpaper and creates ransom notes after encryption

Ransom Note Analysis

Unlike many ransomware variants that include detailed payment instructions and threats in their ransom notes, Hero ransomware’s communication is notably minimal. The note primarily focuses on establishing communication with the attackers rather than providing specific payment details or decryption instructions.

Note Contents

The ransom note created by Hero ransomware, found in the “#Read-for-recovery.txt” file, simply instructs victims to contact the attackers via email. It does not explicitly mention file encryption or demand payment, instead directing all communication to the attackers’ email address: hero77@cock.li.

This minimalist approach serves several purposes:

• Avoids Explicit Threats: By not directly mentioning ransom demands in writing, the attackers may be attempting to avoid certain legal classifications
• Enables Negotiation: The attackers can assess victims individually and adjust ransom demands based on the perceived ability to pay
• Creates Uncertainty: The lack of information increases victim anxiety and may prompt quicker communication with the attackers
• Maintains Flexibility: Payment methods and amounts can be changed based on current cryptocurrency rates or other factors

Hero Ransomware Removal Instructions

Removing Hero ransomware from an infected system is crucial to prevent further damage and potential re-encryption of restored files. While removal will not decrypt files that have already been encrypted, it will stop the malicious process and allow for safe system restoration. The following step-by-step guide outlines the complete removal process.

Step 1: Boot into Safe Mode with Networking

Starting in Safe Mode helps prevent malware from fully loading during the cleanup process:

1. Windows 10 and 11:
   • Click the Start button
   • Click the Power button
   • Hold the Shift key and click Restart
   • Select Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart
   • After restart, press F5 to select “Safe Mode with Networking”
2. Windows 7:
   • Restart your computer
   • As it’s starting up, press the F8 key repeatedly until the Advanced Boot Options menu appears
   • Select “Safe Mode with Networking” using the arrow keys and press Enter

Step 2: Terminate Malicious Processes

1. Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc to open Task Manager
2. Click on the “Processes” tab
3. Look for suspicious processes with unusual names or high resource usage
4. Right-click on each suspicious process and select “End task”
5. Pay special attention to any processes running from temporary folders or with random alphanumeric names

Step 3: Remove Malicious Files

1. Open File Explorer (Windows key + E)
2. Navigate to these common malware locations:
   • C:\Users\[Username]\AppData\Local\Temp
   • C:\Users\[Username]\AppData\Roaming
   • C:\ProgramData
   • C:\Windows\Temp
3. Look for recently created files with suspicious names or random character strings
4. Delete the ransomware executable and any associated files
5. Also delete all copies of the “#Read-for-recovery.txt” ransom note

Step 4: Remove Malicious Startup Entries

1. Press Win+R to open the Run dialog
2. Type msconfig and press Enter
3. Go to the “Startup” tab
4. Look for suspicious entries that were recently added
5. Uncheck these entries and click “Apply” then “OK”

Step 5: Remove Malicious Registry Entries

Warning: Editing the registry incorrectly can cause serious system problems. Proceed with caution and consider backing up the registry before making changes.

1. Press Win+R to open the Run dialog
2. Type regedit and press Enter
3. Navigate to these key locations:
   • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
   • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
   • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\StartupApproved\Run
4. Look for suspicious entries with random names or those pointing to files in temporary directories
5. Right-click on suspicious entries and select “Delete”

Step 6: Scan with Anti-Malware Software

For comprehensive removal, we recommend using specialized anti-malware software:

1. Download and Install Trojan Killer:
   • Download Trojan Killer from a clean, uninfected computer
   • Transfer it to the infected computer using a USB drive if necessary
2. Run a Full System Scan:
   • Launch Trojan Killer and perform a full system scan
   • Allow the software to detect and quarantine all threats
3. Remove Detected Threats:
   • Review the scan results and remove all detected threats
   • Pay special attention to threats detected in the Windows system directory
4. Restart Your Computer:
   • Restart to complete the removal process
5. Run a Second Scan:
   • After restarting, run another scan to ensure all threats have been removed

File Recovery Options

Recovering files encrypted by Hero ransomware presents significant challenges due to the sophisticated encryption methods employed. Without the decryption key, which is held only by the attackers, complete recovery of all files may be impossible. However, several methods can potentially help recover some data.

Method 1: Restore from Backups

The most reliable recovery method is restoring files from backups created before the infection:

• External Storage Backups: Restore from external hard drives, USB drives, or other offline storage devices
• Cloud Storage Backups: Recover files from cloud services like Microsoft OneDrive, Google Drive, or Dropbox
• System Backups: Use Windows Backup and Restore features if configured before the attack
• Email Attachments: Recover documents previously sent as email attachments

For detailed guidance on using system restore safely, refer to our guide on whether system restore deletes personal files and whether system restore can remove viruses.

Method 2: Check for Shadow Volume Copies

If the ransomware failed to delete Windows Shadow Copies, they may be used for recovery:

1. Right-click on a folder containing encrypted files
2. Select “Properties”
3. Click on the “Previous Versions” tab
4. If available, select a version from before the encryption
5. Click “Restore” to recover the previous version

Alternatively, you can use Shadow Explorer, a specialized tool for accessing Shadow Volume Copies:

1. Download and install Shadow Explorer from a trusted source
2. Launch the program and select a drive from the dropdown menu
3. Choose a date before the ransomware attack
4. Browse through available folders and files
5. Right-click on files or folders you want to recover and select “Export”

Method 3: Data Recovery Software

Specialized data recovery software may recover deleted original files if they haven’t been overwritten:

• Important Note: Install recovery software on a different drive than the one containing encrypted files to avoid overwriting potentially recoverable data
• Recovery Process:
  • Install and run reputable data recovery software
  • Scan the drive containing encrypted files
  • Look for files with their original names and extensions
  • Recover identified files to a different storage device

Method 4: Check for Free Decryptors

While no free decryptor for Hero ransomware is currently available, it’s worth checking these resources periodically:

• No More Ransom Project: A collaboration between law enforcement and IT security companies providing free decryption tools
• Security Researchers’ Blogs: Follow reputable security researchers who might develop decryption tools if vulnerabilities in the ransomware are discovered
• Antivirus Company Websites: Major security companies occasionally release free decryptors for various ransomware families

Important Warning: We strongly advise against paying the ransom. Payment does not guarantee data recovery, encourages criminal activity, and marks you as a willing victim for future attacks. There have been numerous cases where victims paid but never received decryption tools or received tools that only partially worked.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing ransomware infections like Hero requires a multi-layered security approach that combines technical safeguards with user awareness and education. Implementing these preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to ransomware and other malware threats.

Implement Regular Backups

• 3-2-1 Backup Strategy: Maintain at least three copies of important data on two different storage types with one copy stored offsite
• Offline Backups: Keep some backups disconnected from the network to protect against network-spreading malware
• Regular Schedule: Back up important data on a consistent schedule based on how frequently the data changes
• Verify Backups: Regularly test backup restoration to ensure backups are functioning correctly
• Cloud Storage: Use reputable cloud storage services with versioning capabilities

Keep Systems and Software Updated

• Operating System Updates: Install Windows security updates promptly when released
• Software Patches: Keep all applications, especially browsers and email clients, updated to the latest versions
• Automatic Updates: Enable automatic updates where appropriate
• End-of-Life Software: Replace software that is no longer supported with updated alternatives
• Vulnerability Management: Stay informed about the latest critical vulnerabilities that could affect your systems

Use Comprehensive Security Software

• Antivirus/Anti-malware: Install and maintain reputable security software like Trojan Killer
• Real-time Protection: Ensure real-time scanning is enabled to catch threats as they appear
• Regular Scans: Schedule periodic full system scans
• Email Filtering: Use email security solutions that scan attachments and links
• Web Filtering: Implement tools that block access to known malicious websites
• Specialized Ransomware Protection: Consider dedicated anti-ransomware tools that can detect and block encryption attempts

Practice Safe Email and Browsing Habits

• Email Caution:
  • Never open attachments from unknown senders
  • Be suspicious of unexpected attachments even from known contacts
  • Verify unusual requests through alternative communication channels
  • Hover over links before clicking to verify their actual destination
• Browsing Safety:
  • Download software only from official websites
  • Avoid clicking on pop-ups or advertisements
  • Be cautious with file-sharing sites and torrents
  • Use a secure browser with built-in protection features

System Hardening Measures

• Limited User Accounts: Use standard user accounts for daily activities rather than administrator accounts
• Disable Macros: Configure Microsoft Office to disable macros or prompt before enabling them
• Show File Extensions: Enable the display of file extensions to identify suspicious files
• Application Whitelisting: Consider implementing policies that allow only approved applications to run
• Network Segmentation: Divide networks to limit the spread of malware across an organization

Conclusion

Hero ransomware represents a significant threat to both individual users and organizations, capable of causing substantial data loss and operational disruption. As a member of the Proton ransomware family, it employs sophisticated encryption techniques that make independent decryption virtually impossible without the attackers’ keys. The malware’s ability to encrypt a wide range of file types while appending them with the “.hero77” extension can result in permanent data loss if proper backups are not maintained.

While removing the malware from an infected system is feasible using the steps outlined in this guide, recovering encrypted files remains the greater challenge. The most reliable recovery method continues to be restoration from pre-existing backups that were stored securely offline or in cloud services. This underscores the critical importance of implementing a robust backup strategy as the primary defense against ransomware attacks.

Prevention remains the most effective approach to ransomware protection. By combining technical safeguards like regular updates and comprehensive security software with user education and safe computing practices, individuals and organizations can significantly reduce their vulnerability to Hero ransomware and similar threats. Additionally, maintaining secure, tested backups provides the ultimate insurance policy against data loss should preventative measures fail. Remember that paying the ransom is strongly discouraged, as it fuels criminal enterprises and provides no guarantee of data recovery.

For more information about protecting yourself from ransomware and other malware threats, explore our guides on malware removal, using system restore safely, and other ransomware analyses such as DarkMystic (BlackBit), LockBit 4.0, and Hellcat ransomware. If you’re concerned about other types of malware, our spyware removal guide and website reputation checker can help you stay protected online.